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Growth impairment, get lasix online a common complication of Crohn's disease in children, occurs more often in males than females, but the reasons are unclear. Now, a physician-scientist from Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian and colleagues at eight other centers have found that factors associated with statural growth differ by sex. Their recent publication, identified as the "Editor's Choice / Leading Off" article and receiving a mention on the cover of the June issue of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, underscores the need for investigating and developing sex-specific treatment strategies for children with Crohn's disease, an approach that is not currently part of the pediatric Crohn's disease management algorithm.The Growth Study is an ongoing prospective, multicenter, longitudinal cohort get lasix online study investigating sex differences in growth impairment in children with Crohn's disease.

For their current analysis, lead author Dr. Neera Gupta, principal investigator for The Growth Study, director of research for the Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (PIBD) Program and an associate professor of pediatrics at Weill Cornell Medicine and a pediatric gastroenterologist at NewYork-Presbyterian Komansky Children's Hospital, and colleagues examined a range of variables associated with statural growth by sex get lasix online for 113 children with Crohn's disease, such as disease characteristics, patient-reported symptoms at onset and the use of certain medications.Among 41 female patients, an initial classification of IBD as Crohn's disease or perianal disease at diagnosis were associated with better growth. However, patient-reported joint pain at symptom onset or the use of probiotics or azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine were associated with worse growth.Variables associated with statural growth were markedly different for 72 male patients.

Patient-reported poor growth at symptom onset or the use of infliximab, biologics, methotrexate or vitamin D were associated with better growth get lasix online. In contrast, an initial classification of IBD as Crohn's disease or patient-reported anorexia or mouth sores at symptom onset were associated with worse growth.The authors noted that female patients appear to grow better independent of disease severity/inflammatory burden and medication interventions. Their findings suggest sex-specific molecular pathways lead to growth impairment in children with Crohn's disease, and that there may be get lasix online a difference in the response of these sex-specific molecular pathways to current medications used to treat pediatric Crohn's disease.

Sex will likely be an important future determinant of treatment decisions, which will represent a major advancement in clinical decision making for pediatric Crohn's disease."Through the Growth Study, we aim to transform the care of pediatric patients with Crohn's disease by providing an evidence-based approach for the appropriate early introduction of aggressive therapy in patients with high risk for each sex because there is only a narrow therapeutic window available for intervention to improve statural growth," the authors wrote. Story Source. Materials provided by Weill Cornell get lasix online Medicine.

Note. Content may be edited for style and length.In the get lasix online United States, nearly every pediatric doctor's visit begins with three measurements. Weight, height and head circumference.

Compared to average growth charts of children across the country, established in the 1970s, a child's numbers can confirm get lasix online typical development or provide a diagnostic baseline to assess deviations from the curve. Yet, the brain, of vital importance to the child's development, is merely hinted at in these measurements.Head circumference may indicate a head growth issue, which could be further investigated to determine if there is an issue with brain size or extra fluid. But now, in the age of noninvasive brain scanning such as magnetic get lasix online resonance imaging (MRI), could researchers develop normalized growth curve charts for the brain?.

That was the question Steven Schiff, Brush Chair Professor of Engineering at Penn State, and his multi-institution research team set out to answer. They published their results today (July 9) in the Journal of Neurosurgery, Pediatrics."Brain size research also has a very unfortunate history, as it was often used to attempt to scientifically prove one gender or race or culture of people as better than another," said Schiff, also a professor of engineering science and mechanics in the College of Engineering and of neurosurgery in the College of Medicine. "In this paper, we discuss the research going back about 150 years and then look at what the data of a contemporary cohort really tells us."The researchers analyzed 1,067 brain scans of 505 healthy children, ages 13 days to get lasix online 18 years old, from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Pediatric MRI Repository.

To ensure a representative sample population across sex, race, socioeconomic status and geographic location, the MRI scans were taken sequentially over several years at hospitals and medical schools in California, Massachusetts, Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Texas. To ensure calibrated results, one person was established as a control and scanned at each site."The study of brain size and growth has a long and contentious history -- even in the era of MRI, studies defining normal brain volume growth patterns often include small sample sizes, get lasix online limited algorithm technology, incomplete coverage of the pediatric age range and other issues," said first author Mallory R. Peterson, a Penn State student who is pursuing both a doctorate in engineering science and mechanics in the College of Engineering and a medical degree in the College of Medicine.

She earned her bachelor of science degree in biomedical get lasix online engineering from Penn State in 2016. "These studies have not addressed the relationship between brain growth and cerebrospinal fluid in depth, either. In this paper, we resolve both of these issues."The first startling finding, according to Schiff and Peterson, was the difference in brain volume between male and female children get lasix online.

Even after adjusting for body size, males exhibited larger overall brain volume -- but specific brain structures did not differ in size between sexes, nor did cognitive ability. advertisement "Clearly, sex-based differences do not account for intelligence -- we have known that for a long time, and this does not suggest differently," Schiff said. "The important thing here is that there get lasix online is a difference in how the brains of male and female children grow.

When you're diagnosing or treating a child, we need to know when a child's brain isn't growing normally."The second finding was one of striking similarity rather than differences."Regardless of the sex or the size of the child, we unexpectedly found that the ratio between the size of the child's brain and the volume of fluid within the head -- cerebrospinal fluid -- was universal," Schiff said. "This fluid floats and protects the brain, serving a variety of functions as it flows through the brain get lasix online. Although we have not recognized this tight normal ratio before, this relationship of fluid to brain is exactly what we try to regulate when we treat children for excess fluid in conditions of hydrocephalus."The researchers plan to continue studying the ratio and its potential functions, as well as underlying mechanisms, in children and across the life span."The apparent universal nature of the age-dependent brain-cerebrospinal fluid ratio, regardless of sex or body size, suggests that the role of this ratio offers novel ways to characterize conditions affecting the childhood brain," Peterson said.

advertisement The researchers also settled a longstanding controversy in terms of the temporal lobe, according to Schiff. After two years of age, the left side of this brain structure -- where language function is typically localized -- was clearly larger than the right side throughout childhood. A portion of the temporal lobe called the hippocampus, which can be a cause of epilepsy, was larger on the right than the left as it grew during childhood."These normal growth curves for these critical structures often involved in epilepsy will help us determine when these structures are damaged and smaller than normal for age," said Schiff.This approach to normal brain growth during childhood could help researchers understand normal from excessive volume loss throughout the later lifespan, according to Schiff."Brain volume peaks at puberty," Schiff said.

"It then decreases as we age, and it decreases more rapidly in people with certain types of dementia. If we can better understand both brain growth and the ratio of brain to fluid at every age, we can not only improve how we diagnose clinical conditions, but also how we treat them.".

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Lauren Gambill, MDPediatrician, AustinMember, Texas Medical Association (TMA) Committee on Child and Adolescent HealthExecutive Board Member, Texas Pediatric lasix renogram SocietyDoctors are community leaders. This role has become even more important during the hypertension medications lasix. As patients navigate our new reality, they are looking to us to determine what is safe, how to protect their families, and the future of their lasix renogram health care. As more Texans lose their jobs, their health insurance, or even their homes, it is crucial that Texas receives the resources it needs to uphold our social safety net. The U.S.

Census helps determine funding for those resources, and that is why it is of lasix renogram the upmost importance that each and every Texan, no matter address, immigration status, or age, respond to the 2020 U.S. Census. The deadline has been lasix renogram cut short one month and now closes Sept. 30.hypertension medications has only increased the importance of completing the census to help our local communities and economies recover. The novel hypertension has inflicted unprecedented strain on patients and exacerbated inequality as more people are out of work and are many in need of help with food, health care, housing, and more.

Schools also have been stretched lasix renogram thin, with teachers scrambling to teach students online. Yet, the amount of federal funding Texas has available today to help weather this emergency was driven in part by the census responses made a decade ago. Getting an accurate count in 2020 will help Texans prepare for the decade to follow, the first few years of which most certainly will be spent rebuilding from the lasix’s fallout. Therefore, it is vital that all Texans be lasix renogram counted.The federal dollars Texas receives generally depends on our population. A George Washington University study recently found that even a 1% undercount can lead to a $300 million loss in funding.Take Medicaid, for example.

Federal funds pay for 60% of the state’s program, which provides health coverage for two out of lasix renogram five Texas children, one in three individuals with disabilities, and 53% of all births. The complicated formula used to calculate the federal portion of this funding depends on accurate census data. If Texas’ population is undercounted, Texans may appear better off financially than they really are, resulting in Texas getting fewer federal Medicaid dollars. If that happens, lawmakers will have to make up the difference, with cuts in services, program eligibility, or physician and provider payments, any of which are potentially detrimental.The census data also is key to funding other aspects of a community’s social safety net:Health careThe Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) provides low-cost health insurance to children lasix renogram whose parents make too much to qualify for Medicaid, but not enough to afford quality coverage. Like Medicaid, how much money the federal government reimburses the state for the program depends in part on the census.Maternal and child health programs that promote public health and help ensure children are vaccinated relies on data from the census.

Texas also uses this federal funding to study and respond to maternal mortality and perinatal depression.Food and housing As unemployment rises lasix renogram and families struggle financially, many live with uncertainty as to where they will find their next meal. Already, one in seven Texans experiences food insecurity, and 20% of Texas children experience hunger. Food insecurity is rising in Texas as the lasix continues. The Central Texas Food Bank lasix renogram saw a 206% rise in clients in March. Funding for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and school lunch programs are both determined by the census.

Funding for local housing programs also is calculated via the census. An accurate count will help ensure that people who lose their homes during this lasix renogram economic crisis have better hope of finding shelter while our communities recover. Homelessness is closely connected with declines in overall physical and mental health.Childcare and educationAs we navigate the new reality brought on by hypertension, more parents are taking on roles as breadwinner, parent, teacher, and caretaker. This stress highlights the desperate need lasix renogram for affordable childcare. The census determines funding for programs like Head Start that provide comprehensive early childhood education to low-income families.

The good news is you still have time to complete the census. Visit 2020census.gov to take lasix renogram it. It takes less than five minutes to complete. Then talk to your lasix renogram family, neighbors, and colleagues about doing the same. If you are wondering who counts, the answer is everyone, whether it’s a newborn baby, child in foster care, undocumented immigrant, or an individual experiencing homelessness.Completing the census is one of the best things that you can do for the health of your community, especially during the lasix.

Thank you for helping Texas heal and for supporting these essential safety net programs.(L to R). UTHSA medical students Swetha lasix renogram Maddipudi, Brittany Hansen, Charles Wang, Carson Cortino, faculty advisor Kaparaboyna Kumar, MD, Ryan Wealther, Sidney Akabogu, Irma Ruiz, and Frank Jung pose with the TMA Be Wise Immunize banner. Photo courtesy by Ryan WealtherRyan WealtherMedical Student, UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineStudent Member, Texas Medical AssociationEditor’s Note. August is National Immunization Awareness Month. This article is part of a Me&My Doctor series lasix renogram highlighting and promoting the use of vaccinations.“Can the flu shot give you the flu?.

€â€œIs it dangerous for pregnant women to get a flu shot?. €â€œCan treatments lasix renogram cause autism?. €These were questions women at Alpha Home, a residential substance abuse rehabilitation center in San Antonio, asked my fellow medical students and me during a flu treatment discussion. It is easy to see why these questions were asked, as treatment misinformation is common today.UTHSA medical student Frank Jing (left) gets a treatment fromKaparaboyna Kumar, MD, (right).Photo courtesy of Ryan Wealther“No” is the answer to all the questions. These were exactly the types of myths we set out to dispel at our vaccination drive.UT Health San Antonio Long School of Medicine medical students (under the supervision of Kaparaboyna Ashok Kumar, MD, faculty advisor for the Texas Medical Association Medical Student Section at UT Health San Antonio) hosted the treatment drive at Alpha Home with the support of TMA’s Be Wise – Immunize℠ program, a public health initiative that aims to increase lasix renogram vaccinations and treatment awareness through shot clinics and education.

Our program consisted of a vaccination drive and an interactive, educational presentation that addressed influenza, common flu shot questions, and general treatment myths. The Alpha Home residents could ask us questions during the program.We were interested to see if our educational lasix renogram program could answer Alpha Home residents’ questions about vaccinations and allay their hesitations about getting a flu vaccination. To gauge this, we created a brief survey.(Before I discuss the results of the survey, I should define treatment hesitancy. treatment hesitancy is a concept defined by the World Health Organization. It relates to lasix renogram when patients do not vaccinate despite having access to treatments.

treatment hesitancy is a problem because it prevents individuals from receiving their vaccinations. That makes them more susceptible to getting sick from treatment-preventable diseases.)We surveyed the residents’ opinions about vaccinations before and after our educational program. While opinions about shots improved with each survey question, we saw the most significant attitude change reflected in answers to the questions “I am concerned that vaccinations might not be safe,” and “How lasix renogram likely are you to receive a flu shot today?. € We had informed the residents and improved their understanding and acceptance of immunizations.Post-survey results show more residents at the Alpha Home shifted to more positive attitudes about treatments, after learning more about their effectiveness by trusted members of the medical community. Graph by Ryan WealtherWhy is this important? lasix renogram.

First, our findings confirm what we already knew. Education by a trusted member of the medical community can effect change. In fact, it is widely known that physician recommendation of vaccination is one of the lasix renogram most critical factors affecting whether patients receive an influenza vaccination. Perhaps some added proof to this is that a few of the Alpha Home residents were calling me “Dr. Truth” by the end of the evening.Second, our findings add lasix renogram to our understanding of adult treatment hesitancy.

This is significant because most of what we know about treatment hesitancy is limited to parental attitudes toward their children’s vaccinations. Some parents question shots for their children, and many of the most deadly diseases we vaccinate against are given in childhood, including polio, tetanus, measles, and whooping cough shots. However, adults need some vaccinations as well, like lasix renogram the yearly influenza treatment. After taking part in the UTHSA educational program, more residents at the Alpha Home shared more willingness to receive the flu treatment. Graph by Ryan WealtherAnother reason improving attitudes is important is that receiving a flu shot is even more timely during the hypertension medications lasix because it decreases illnesses and conserves health care resources.

Thousands of people each year are hospitalized from the flu, and with hospitals filling up with hypertension patients, we could avoid adding dangerously lasix renogram ill flu patients to the mix. Lastly, these findings are important because once a hypertension medications vaccination becomes available, more people might be willing to receive it if their overall attitude toward immunizations is positive. Though the hypertension medications treatment is still in lasix renogram development, it is not immune to treatment hesitancy. Recent polls have indicated up to one-third of Americans would not receive a hypertension medications treatment even if it were accessible and affordable. Work is already being done to try to raise awareness and acceptance.

In addition, misinformation lasix renogram about the hypertension medications treatment is circulating widely. (Someone recently asked me if the hypertension medications treatment will implant a microchip in people, and I have seen the same myth circulating on social media. It will not.) This myth, however, illustrates the need for lasix renogram health care professionals to answer patients’ questions and to assuage their concerns.treatments work best when many people in a community receive them, and treatment hesitancy can diminish vaccination rates, leaving people who can't get certain treatments susceptible to these treatment-preventable diseases. For example, babies under 6 months of age should not receive a flu shot, so high community vaccination rates protect these babies from getting sick with the flu. Our educational program at Alpha Home is just one example of how health care professionals can increase awareness and acceptance of shots.

As the hypertension medications lasix progresses, we need to ensure children and adults receive their vaccinations as recommended by their physician and the Centers for Disease lasix renogram Control and Prevention. I encourage readers who have questions about the vaccinations they or their child may need to talk with their physician. As health care professionals, we’re more than happy to answer your questions..

Lauren Gambill, MDPediatrician, AustinMember, Texas Medical Association (TMA) get lasix online Committee on Child and Adolescent HealthExecutive Board Member, Texas Pediatric SocietyDoctors are http://walkingforwellbeing.co.uk/cipro-antibiotic-price/ community leaders. This role has become even more important during the hypertension medications lasix. As patients navigate our new reality, they are looking to get lasix online us to determine what is safe, how to protect their families, and the future of their health care. As more Texans lose their jobs, their health insurance, or even their homes, it is crucial that Texas receives the resources it needs to uphold our social safety net.

The U.S. Census helps determine funding for those resources, and that get lasix online is why it is of the upmost importance that each and every Texan, no matter address, immigration status, or age, respond to the 2020 U.S. Census. The deadline has been cut short one month and now closes get lasix online Sept.

30.hypertension medications has only increased the importance of completing the census to help our local communities and economies recover. The novel hypertension has inflicted unprecedented strain on patients and exacerbated inequality as more people are out of work and are many in need of help with food, health care, housing, and more. Schools also have been stretched thin, with get lasix online teachers scrambling to teach students online. Yet, the amount of federal funding Texas has available today to help weather this emergency was driven in part by the census responses made a decade ago.

Getting an accurate count in 2020 will help Texans prepare for the decade to follow, the first few years of which most certainly will be spent rebuilding from the lasix’s fallout. Therefore, it get lasix online is vital that all Texans be counted.The federal dollars Texas receives generally depends on our population. A George Washington University study recently found that even a 1% undercount can lead to a $300 million loss in funding.Take Medicaid, for example. Federal funds pay for 60% of the state’s program, which provides health coverage for two out of five Texas children, one in three individuals with disabilities, and get lasix online 53% of all births.

The complicated formula used to calculate the federal portion of this funding depends on accurate census data. If Texas’ population is undercounted, Texans may appear better off financially than they really are, resulting in Texas getting fewer federal Medicaid dollars. If that happens, lawmakers will have to make up the difference, with cuts in services, program eligibility, or physician and provider payments, any of which are potentially detrimental.The census data also is key to funding other aspects of a community’s social safety net:Health careThe Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) provides low-cost health insurance to children whose parents make too much to qualify for get lasix online Medicaid, but not enough to afford quality coverage. Like Medicaid, how much money the federal government reimburses the state for the program depends in part on the census.Maternal and child health programs that promote public health and help ensure children are vaccinated relies on data from the census.

Texas also get lasix online uses this federal funding to study and respond to maternal mortality and perinatal depression.Food and housing As unemployment rises and families struggle financially, many live with uncertainty as to where they will find their next meal. Already, one in seven Texans experiences food insecurity, and 20% of Texas children experience hunger. Food insecurity is rising in Texas as the lasix continues. The Central get lasix online Texas Food Bank saw a 206% rise in clients in March.

Funding for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and school lunch programs are both determined by the census. Funding for local housing programs also is calculated via the census. An accurate count will help ensure that people get lasix online who lose their homes during this economic crisis have better hope of finding shelter while our communities recover. Homelessness is closely connected with declines in overall physical and mental health.Childcare and educationAs we navigate the new reality brought on by hypertension, more parents are taking on roles as breadwinner, parent, teacher, and caretaker.

This stress get lasix online highlights the desperate need for affordable childcare. The census determines funding for programs like Head Start that provide comprehensive early childhood education to low-income families. The good news is you still have time to complete the census. Visit 2020census.gov to take get lasix online it.

It takes less than five minutes to complete. Then talk to get lasix online your family, neighbors, and colleagues about doing the same. If you are wondering who counts, the answer is everyone, whether it’s a newborn baby, child in foster care, undocumented immigrant, or an individual experiencing homelessness.Completing the census is one of the best things that you can do for the health of your community, especially during the lasix. Thank you for helping Texas heal and for supporting these essential safety net programs.(L to R).

UTHSA medical students Swetha Maddipudi, Brittany Hansen, Charles Wang, Carson Cortino, faculty advisor Kaparaboyna Kumar, MD, Ryan Wealther, Sidney Akabogu, Irma Ruiz, and Frank Jung pose with the TMA Be Wise get lasix online Immunize banner. Photo courtesy by Ryan WealtherRyan WealtherMedical Student, UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineStudent Member, Texas Medical AssociationEditor’s Note. August is National Immunization Awareness Month. This article is part of a Me&My Doctor series highlighting and promoting the use of vaccinations.“Can the flu get lasix online shot give you the flu?.

€â€œIs it dangerous for pregnant women to get a flu shot?. €â€œCan treatments get lasix online cause autism?. €These were questions women at Alpha Home, a residential substance abuse rehabilitation center in San Antonio, asked my fellow medical students and me during a flu treatment discussion. It is easy to see why these questions were asked, as treatment misinformation is common today.UTHSA medical student Frank Jing (left) gets a treatment fromKaparaboyna Kumar, MD, (right).Photo courtesy of Ryan Wealther“No” is the answer to all the questions.

These were exactly the types of myths we set out to dispel at our vaccination drive.UT Health San Antonio Long School of Medicine medical students (under the supervision of Kaparaboyna Ashok Kumar, MD, faculty advisor for the Texas Medical Association Medical Student Section at UT Health San Antonio) hosted the treatment drive at Alpha Home with the support of TMA’s Be get lasix online Wise – Immunize℠ program, a public health initiative that aims to increase vaccinations and treatment awareness through shot clinics and education. Our program consisted of a vaccination drive and an interactive, educational presentation that addressed influenza, common flu shot questions, and general treatment myths. The Alpha get lasix online Home residents could ask us questions during the program.We were interested to see if our educational program could answer Alpha Home residents’ questions about vaccinations and allay their hesitations about getting a flu vaccination. To gauge this, we created a brief survey.(Before I discuss the results of the survey, I should define treatment hesitancy.

treatment hesitancy is a concept defined by the World Health Organization. It relates to when patients do not vaccinate despite having access to treatments get lasix online. treatment hesitancy is a problem because it prevents individuals from receiving their vaccinations. That makes them more susceptible to getting sick from treatment-preventable diseases.)We surveyed the residents’ opinions about vaccinations before and after our educational program.

While opinions about shots get lasix online improved with each survey question, we saw the most significant attitude change reflected in answers to the questions “I am concerned that vaccinations might not be safe,” and “How likely are you to receive a flu shot today?. € We had informed the residents and improved their understanding and acceptance of immunizations.Post-survey results show more residents at the Alpha Home shifted to more positive attitudes about treatments, after learning more about their effectiveness by trusted members of the medical community. Graph by Ryan get lasix online WealtherWhy is this important?. First, our findings confirm what we already knew.

Education by a trusted member of the medical community can effect change. In fact, it is widely known that physician recommendation of vaccination is one of the most critical factors affecting get lasix online whether patients receive an influenza vaccination. Perhaps some added proof to this is that a few of the Alpha Home residents were calling me “Dr. Truth” by the end of the evening.Second, our findings add to our understanding of adult treatment get lasix online hesitancy.

This is significant because most of what we know about treatment hesitancy is limited to parental attitudes toward their children’s vaccinations. Some parents question shots for their children, and many of the most deadly diseases we vaccinate against are given in childhood, including polio, tetanus, measles, and whooping cough shots. However, adults need some vaccinations as well, like the get lasix online yearly influenza treatment. After taking part in the UTHSA educational program, more residents at the Alpha Home shared more willingness to receive the flu treatment.

Graph by Ryan WealtherAnother reason improving attitudes is important is that receiving a flu shot is even more timely during the hypertension medications lasix because it decreases illnesses and conserves health care resources. Thousands of people each year are hospitalized from the flu, and with hospitals filling up with hypertension patients, we could avoid adding dangerously ill flu patients to the get lasix online mix. Lastly, these findings are important because once a hypertension medications vaccination becomes available, more people might be willing to receive it if their overall attitude toward immunizations is positive. Though the hypertension medications treatment is get lasix online still in development, it is not immune to treatment hesitancy.

Recent polls have indicated up to one-third of Americans would not receive a hypertension medications treatment even if it were accessible and affordable. Work is already being done to try to raise awareness and acceptance. In addition, misinformation about the hypertension medications treatment is circulating widely get lasix online. (Someone recently asked me if the hypertension medications treatment will implant a microchip in people, and I have seen the same myth circulating on social media.

It will not.) This myth, however, illustrates the need for health care professionals to answer patients’ questions and to assuage their concerns.treatments work best when many people in a community receive them, and treatment hesitancy can diminish vaccination rates, leaving people get lasix online who can't get certain treatments susceptible to these treatment-preventable diseases. For example, babies under 6 months of age should not receive a flu shot, so high community vaccination rates protect these babies from getting sick with the flu. Our educational program at Alpha Home is just one example of how health care professionals can increase awareness and acceptance of shots. As the get lasix online hypertension medications lasix progresses, we need to ensure children and adults receive their vaccinations as recommended by their physician and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

I encourage readers who have questions about the vaccinations they or their child may need to talk with their physician. As health care professionals, we’re more than happy to answer your questions..

How should I use Lasix?

Take Lasix by mouth with a glass of water. You may take Lasix with or without food. If it upsets your stomach, take it with food or milk. Do not take your medicine more often than directed. Remember that you will need to pass more urine after taking Lasix. Do not take your medicine at a time of day that will cause you problems. Do not take at bedtime.

Talk to your pediatrician regarding the use of Lasix in children. While this drug may be prescribed for selected conditions, precautions do apply.

Overdosage: If you think you have taken too much of Lasix contact a poison control center or emergency room at once.

NOTE: Lasix is only for you. Do not share Lasix with others.

Lasix food interactions

All personal and confidential business information (CBI) will be protected prior to lasix food interactions release. The disclosed information will be made publicly available for non-commercial purposes after Health Canada completes its regulatory review process, while adhering to Canada’s Privacy Act.Providing public access to this information supports Canada’s objective for transparent decision-making. Public access also provides valuable information that may help with the use or development of hypertension medications19 drugs and medical devices.This guidance document outlines the process for publicly disclosing information in a market authorization application under the 2 interim orders. The process includes lasix food interactions.

procedures when releasing information types of information that fall under the guidelines for CBI and that may be eligible for redaction protection of personal informationScope and application This document applies to information relied upon to issue a market authorization under the. Interim order respecting the importation, sale and advertising of drugs for use in relation to hypertension medications (September 16, 2020) and interim order respecting the importation and sale of medical devices for use in relation to hypertension medications(March 18, 2020)The public release of safety and efficacy/effectiveness information reviewed under the 2 interim orders is governed by common law. Information requested lasix food interactions for release is assessed case by case to determine what is CBI. Personal information is removed before the safety and efficacy/effectiveness information is released to the public.Following Health Canada’s review of an application, safety and efficacy information will be released as follows.

Automatically disclosed in applications submitted under the interim order for importing, selling and advertising drugs (proactive release) disclosed on request in applications submitted under the interim order for importing and selling medical devices (released upon request)Information in applications that have been authorized, including those authorized and then revoked, is in scope for public release. This includes lasix food interactions. Original application documents documents filed after market authorization is issued (filed at Health Canada’s request or to meet a condition of approval)Information in applications that are refused and were never authorized is out of scope for public release. This document does not apply to clinical information submitted to support the market authorization of a medical device under the Medical Device Regulations or of a new drug submission under the Food and Drug Regulations (FDR).

The exception are new drug submissions for hypertension medications indications submitted under the FDR lasix food interactions. For more information on the public release of this information, see the Public Release of Clinical Information. Guidance document.Also not applicable under this document is the CBI disclosure authority under section 21.1(3)(c) of the Food and Drugs Act. This section permits the Minister of Health to disclose CBI to certain persons for the purpose lasix food interactions of protection or promotion of human health or the safety of the public.

For information on this authority, see the guidance document Disclosure of Confidential Business Information under Paragraph 21.1(3)(c) of the Food and Drugs Act.Proactive release of drug application informationWe will proactively publish safety and efficacy information used to support interim order drug applications upon authorization. This includes clinical information in applications submitted under sections 3, 6 and 14 of the interim order.How to request clinical information in medical device applicationsWe will publish safety and effectiveness information used to support interim order medical device applications when we receive a request from the public and within the limits of our administrative capacity. Requests made for multiple applications will be processed in sequence lasix food interactions and subject to prioritization. Further prioritization may be given to products that have a greater impact on the health system, such as.

Products that are used a lot products that have a higher public interestRequests received for information in applications under the interim order will be prioritized over requests for clinical information in non-hypertension medications19-related drugs submissions and device applications.To request clinical information on medical device applications, use our special portal to submit an electronic request form. Be sure to lasix food interactions identify the product name listed on the following sites. Publication process Publication of safety and efficacy information used to support drug interim order applications The publication of information follows the process described in section 4 and Appendix C of the Public Release of Clinical Information guidance document.In accordance with PRCI timelines, we aim to publish a final redacted and anonymized package on our clinical information portal within 120 calendar days from starting the process. The process starts automatically on the day an authorization is issued.Step 1.

Notice to the company and request for proposed CBI redactions and anonymizationFollowing the authorization of a drug under the interim order, Health Canada will give the manufacturer an opportunity to take part in a process initiation meeting lasix food interactions. The first 60 days of the 120-day publication process is allocated for the company to review the clinical information. The company uses the Proposed Redaction Control Sheet (Appendix E, Public Release of Clinical Information (PRCI) guidance document) to propose any redaction of CBI. Proposed CBI redactions lasix food interactions should pertain to information that meets the definition of confidential business information.

This is defined in Section 2 of the Food and Drugs Act, which mirrors common law in the context of confidential business information that meets each of the following 3 elements of the definition. That is not publicly available in respect of which the person has taken measures that are reasonable in the circumstances to ensure that it remains not publicly available and that has actual or potential economic value to the person or their competitors because it is not publicly available and its disclosure would result in a material financial loss to the person or a material financial gain to their competitorsFollowing an assessment of the proposals, text within an in-scope document found to meet the above definition will be protected. Similar to Public Release of Clinical Information policies, any information that meets the definition of “clinical information” will not be considered lasix food interactions confidential business information. Exceptions to the PRCI regulations described in C.08.009.2(2)(a) and (b) of the Food and Drug Regulations or section 43.12(2)(a) and (b) of the Medical Device Regulations will be considered when applying redactions to confidential business information.

Further information on the application of these exceptions can be found in the Health Canada PRCI guidance document.All personal information should be anonymized in accordance with section 6 of the Public Release of Clinical Information guidance document. The proposal package from the manufacturer should include lasix food interactions. The proposed redaction control sheet the draft anonymization report annotated documentsManufacturers submit for Health Canada assessment using either CanadaPost ePost Connect or a suitable secure file transfer site of the manufacturer’s choosing.Step 2. Health Canada assessment of company representationsWithin 30 days of receiving the proposal package, Health Canada will complete and return our assessment of the proposed CBI redactions and anonymization methodology.

Proposed redactions lasix food interactions that meet the definition of confidential business information will be protected. We will review the anonymization methodology to ensure all personal information is protected while maximizing the disclosure of useful clinical information. Step 3. Revision of proposed CBI redactions and anonymizationIf proposed CBI redactions are rejected or revision is required to the anonymization methodology, in accordance lasix food interactions with the Public Release of Clinical Information.

Guidance document, the manufacturer will be given 15 days to make the revisions and resubmit. We will send our final assessment to the manufacturer within 5 days of receiving the revised package. Step 4 lasix food interactions. Finalization and publicationWithin 5 days of receiving our final assessment, the manufacturer must format and submit the final redacted and anonymization clinical documents within 5 days of receiving our final assessment.

The final documents must comply with the Guidance Document. Preparation of Regulatory Activities using the Electronic Common Technical Document lasix food interactions (eCTD) Format. These documents are to be submitted using the Common Electronic Submission Gateway. We will publish the final redacted documents within 5 days of receiving the final sequence.Publication of safety and effectiveness information used to support medical device interim order applicationsThe publication of information within an interim order application will proceed through the abbreviated process described below.

Our goal is to publish a final redacted and anonymized package on our clinical information portal within 120 calendar days lasix food interactions from initiation of the process.Step 1. Health Canada screening of requestsAfter we receive a request for information, we will retrieve the interim order application from docubridge (or other location). Information related to safety and effectiveness will be considered in-scope of publication. Other information lasix food interactions will not be released publicly.

Only information available at the time the request is made will be considered for disclosure. Information submitted after the original request for disclosure will be considered for public release upon receipt of a subsequent request.Examples of in scope information include. Clinical testing information validation testing that supports the effectiveness of the product, including testing performed in vitro or in silico summaries or overviews on safety or efficacy pre- or post-market, including literature reviewsExamples of out of scope information include lasix food interactions. Manufacturing details not related to safety or efficacy engineering and design details general documents, such as user manuals, package inserts and instructions for use individual patient information, such as patient listings and case report forms, that require extensive anonymization interim clinical study data (see the PRCI guidance)Step 2a.

Health Canada assessment of confidential business information To reduce administrative burden on the manufacturer, we will review in-scope records for confidential business information, as defined in Section 2 of the Food and Drugs Act, which mirrors common law in the context of confidential business information that meets each of the following 3 elements of the definition will be protected. That is not publicly available in respect of which the person has lasix food interactions taken measures that are reasonable in the circumstances to ensure that it remains not publicly available and that has actual or potential economic value to the person or their competitors because it is not publicly available and its disclosure would result in a material financial loss to the person or a material financial gain to their competitorsText in an in-scope document found to meet this definition will be redacted using a PDF redaction tool. Similar to Public Release of Clinical Information policies, any information that meets the definition of “clinical information” will not be considered confidential business information. Exceptions to the PRCI regulations are outlined section 43.12(2)(a) and (b) of the Medical Device Regulations.

These exceptions will be considered lasix food interactions when applying redactions to confidential business information. Further information on the application of these exceptions can be found in the PRCI guidance document.Step 2b. Assessing personal informationIn general, in-scope records do not contain a large volume of personal identification information. Any personal information, as defined in the Privacy Act and lasix food interactions in accordance with PRCI guidance, information that could help to identify an individual will be protected.

For example, this can include the names of authors and investigators as well as subject identification numbers.A large volume of indirectly identifying information is not expected in the medical device records that are in-scope of publication. Consequently, limited protection of personal information is anticipated.Personal information will be redacted using a PDF redaction tool. Step 3 lasix food interactions. Notice to the company and request for redaction proposalFollowing the review and redaction of in scope documents, we will send the manufacturer a written notice indicating our intent to publish the identified documents.

A copy of the release package will be sent for the manufacturer’s review. Any further proposed redactions by the manufacturer must be received lasix food interactions within 14 calendar days.Manufacturer are asked to use the Proposed Redaction Control Sheet (see Appendix E of the PRCI guidance document) to suggest further redactions.Step 4. Health Canada assessment of company representationsAny further redactions proposed by the manufacturer will be assessed in accordance with the process outlined in step 2, above. Those that meet the definition of personal or confidential business information will be accepted.Step 5.

PublicationIn-scope documents will be published within 120 days following receipt lasix food interactions of the request. The redacted information will be uploaded to the Clinical Information Portal, indexed by application number. Published documents will carry a watermark and be subject to terms of use, as described in the PRCI guidance.Mailing addressInformation Science and Openness DivisionResource Management and Operations DirectorateHealth Products and Food BranchHealth Canada Graham Spry Building 250 Lanark Ave Ottawa ON K1A 0K9 Telephone. 613-960-4687Email.

Hc.clinicaldata-donneescliniques.sc@canada.ca Terminology and definitions Anonymization. Means the process through which personal information is modified by. removing direct identifiers and any related code that would enable linkage with identifying information and ensuring that the remaining indirect identifiers no longer present a serious possibility of re-identifying an individual CBI. Confidential business information, as meant in common law and as defined in Section 2 of the Food and Drugs Act.

in respect of a person to whose business or affairs the information relates, means (subject to the regulations) business information that. Is not publicly available in respect of which the person has taken measures that are reasonable in the circumstances to ensure that it remains not publicly available has actual or potential economic value to the person or their competitors because it is not publicly available and its disclosure would result in a material financial loss to the person or a material financial gain to their competitors Clinical information. Means information in respect of a clinical trial, clinical studies or investigational testing, such as. clinical overviews, clinical summaries and clinical study reports for drugs summaries and detailed information of all clinical studies and investigational testing that provided evidence of safety and effectiveness for medical devices Clinical study report.

This includes get lasix online lasix 40mg cost. Original application documents documents filed after market authorization is issued (filed at Health Canada’s request or to meet a condition of approval)Information in applications that are refused and were never authorized is out of scope for public release. This document does not apply to clinical information submitted to support the market authorization of a medical device under the Medical Device Regulations or of a new drug submission under the Food and Drug Regulations (FDR). The exception are new drug submissions get lasix online for hypertension medications indications submitted under the FDR. For more information on the public release of this information, see the Public Release of Clinical Information.

Guidance document.Also not applicable under this document is the CBI disclosure authority under section 21.1(3)(c) of the Food and Drugs Act. This section permits the Minister of Health to disclose CBI to certain persons for the purpose of protection or promotion of human health or the get lasix online safety of the public. For information on this authority, see the guidance document Disclosure of Confidential Business Information under Paragraph 21.1(3)(c) of the Food and Drugs Act.Proactive release of drug application informationWe will proactively publish safety and efficacy information used to support interim order drug applications upon authorization. This includes clinical information in applications submitted under sections 3, 6 and 14 of the interim order.How to request clinical information in medical device applicationsWe will publish safety and effectiveness information used to support interim order medical device applications when we receive a request from the public and within the limits of our administrative capacity. Requests made for multiple applications will be processed in sequence and get lasix online subject to prioritization.

Further prioritization may be given to products that have a greater impact on the health system, such as. Products that are used a lot products that have a higher public interestRequests received for information in applications under the interim order will be prioritized over requests for clinical information in non-hypertension medications19-related drugs submissions and device applications.To request clinical information on medical device applications, use our special portal to submit an electronic request form. Be sure to identify the product name listed on get lasix online the following sites. Publication process Publication of safety and efficacy information used to support drug interim order applications The publication of information follows the process described in section 4 and Appendix C of the Public Release of Clinical Information guidance document.In accordance with PRCI timelines, we aim to publish a final redacted and anonymized package on our clinical information portal within 120 calendar days from starting the process. The process starts automatically on the day an authorization is issued.Step 1.

Notice to the company and request for get lasix online proposed CBI redactions and anonymizationFollowing the authorization of a drug under the interim order, Health Canada will give the manufacturer an opportunity to take part in a process initiation meeting. The first 60 days of the 120-day publication process is allocated for the company to review the clinical information. The company uses the Proposed Redaction Control Sheet (Appendix E, Public Release of Clinical Information (PRCI) guidance document) to propose any redaction of CBI. Proposed CBI redactions should pertain to get lasix online information that meets the definition of confidential business information. This is defined in Section 2 of the Food and Drugs Act, which mirrors common law in the context of confidential business information that meets each of the following 3 elements of the definition.

That is not publicly available in respect of which the person has taken measures that are reasonable in the circumstances to ensure that it remains not publicly available and that has actual or potential economic value to the person or their competitors because it is not publicly available and its disclosure would result in a material financial loss to the person or a material financial gain to their competitorsFollowing an assessment of the proposals, text within an in-scope document found to meet the above definition will be protected. Similar to Public Release of Clinical Information policies, any information that get lasix online meets the definition of “clinical information” will not be considered confidential business information. Exceptions to the PRCI regulations described in C.08.009.2(2)(a) and (b) of the Food and Drug Regulations or section 43.12(2)(a) and (b) of the Medical Device Regulations will be considered when applying redactions to confidential business information. Further information on the application of these exceptions can be found in the Health Canada PRCI guidance document.All personal information should be anonymized in accordance with section 6 of the Public Release of Clinical Information guidance document. The proposal package from the manufacturer should get lasix online include.

The proposed redaction control sheet the draft anonymization report annotated documentsManufacturers submit for Health Canada assessment using either CanadaPost ePost Connect or a suitable secure file transfer site of the manufacturer’s choosing.Step 2. Health Canada assessment of company representationsWithin 30 days of receiving the proposal package, Health Canada will complete and return our assessment of the proposed CBI redactions and anonymization methodology. Proposed redactions get lasix online that meet the definition of confidential business information will be protected. We will review the anonymization methodology to ensure all personal information is protected while maximizing the disclosure of useful clinical information. Step 3.

Revision of get lasix online proposed CBI redactions and anonymizationIf proposed CBI redactions are rejected or revision is required to the anonymization methodology, in accordance with the Public Release of Clinical Information. Guidance document, the manufacturer will be given 15 days to make the revisions and resubmit. We will send our final assessment to the manufacturer within 5 days of receiving the revised package. Step 4 get lasix online. Finalization and publicationWithin 5 days of receiving our final assessment, the manufacturer must format and submit the final redacted and anonymization clinical documents within 5 days of receiving our final assessment.

The final documents must comply with the Guidance Document. Preparation of get lasix online Regulatory Activities using the Electronic Common Technical Document (eCTD) Format. These documents are to be submitted using the Common Electronic Submission Gateway. We will publish the final redacted documents within 5 days of receiving the final sequence.Publication of safety and effectiveness information used to support medical device interim order applicationsThe publication of information within an interim order application will proceed through the abbreviated process described below. Our goal is to publish a final redacted and anonymized package on our clinical get lasix online information portal within 120 calendar days from initiation of the process.Step 1.

Health Canada screening of requestsAfter we receive a request for information, we will retrieve the interim order application from docubridge (or other location). Information related to safety and effectiveness will be considered in-scope of publication. Other information get lasix online will have a peek here not be released publicly. Only information available at the time the request is made will be considered for disclosure. Information submitted after the original request for disclosure will be considered for public release upon receipt of a subsequent request.Examples of in scope information include.

Clinical testing information validation testing that supports the effectiveness of the product, including testing performed in vitro or in silico summaries or overviews on safety or efficacy pre- or post-market, including literature reviewsExamples of out of scope information include get lasix online. Manufacturing details not related to safety or efficacy engineering and design details general documents, such as user manuals, package inserts and instructions for use individual patient information, such as patient listings and case report forms, that require extensive anonymization interim clinical study data (see the PRCI guidance)Step 2a. Health Canada assessment of confidential business information To reduce administrative burden on the manufacturer, we will review in-scope records for confidential business information, as defined in Section 2 of the Food and Drugs Act, which mirrors common law in the context of confidential business information that meets each of the following 3 elements of the definition will be protected. That is not publicly available in respect of get lasix online which the person has taken measures that are reasonable in the circumstances to ensure that it remains not publicly available and that has actual or potential economic value to the person or their competitors because it is not publicly available and its disclosure would result in a material financial loss to the person or a material financial gain to their competitorsText in an in-scope document found to meet this definition will be redacted using a PDF redaction tool. Similar to Public Release of Clinical Information policies, any information that meets the definition of “clinical information” will not be considered confidential business information.

Exceptions to the PRCI regulations are outlined section 43.12(2)(a) and (b) of the Medical Device Regulations. These exceptions will be considered when applying get lasix online redactions to confidential business information. Further information on the application of these exceptions can be found in the PRCI guidance document.Step 2b. Assessing personal informationIn general, in-scope records do not contain a large volume of personal identification information. Any personal get lasix online information, as defined in the Privacy Act and in accordance with PRCI guidance, information that could help to identify an individual will be protected.

For example, this can include the names of authors and investigators as well as subject identification numbers.A large volume of indirectly identifying information is not expected in the medical device records that are in-scope of publication. Consequently, limited protection of personal information is anticipated.Personal information will be redacted using a PDF redaction tool. Step 3 get lasix online. Notice to the company and request for redaction proposalFollowing the review and redaction of in scope documents, we will send the manufacturer a written notice indicating our intent to publish the identified documents. A copy of the release package will be sent for the manufacturer’s review.

Any further proposed redactions by the manufacturer must be received within 14 calendar days.Manufacturer are asked to use the Proposed Redaction Control Sheet (see Appendix E of the PRCI guidance document) to suggest further redactions.Step get lasix online 4. Health Canada assessment of company representationsAny further redactions proposed by the manufacturer will be assessed in accordance with the process outlined in step 2, above. Those that meet the definition of personal or confidential business information will be accepted.Step 5. PublicationIn-scope documents will be published within 120 days following receipt of the get lasix online request. The redacted information will be uploaded to the Clinical Information Portal, indexed by application number.

Published documents will carry a watermark and be subject to terms of use, as described in the PRCI guidance.Mailing addressInformation Science and Openness DivisionResource Management and Operations DirectorateHealth Products and Food BranchHealth Canada Graham Spry Building 250 Lanark Ave Ottawa ON K1A 0K9 Telephone. 613-960-4687Email. Hc.clinicaldata-donneescliniques.sc@canada.ca Terminology and definitions Anonymization. Means the process through which personal information is modified by. removing direct identifiers and any related code that would enable linkage with identifying information and ensuring that the remaining indirect identifiers no longer present a serious possibility of re-identifying an individual CBI.

Confidential business information, as meant in common law and as defined in Section 2 of the Food and Drugs Act. in respect of a person to whose business or affairs the information relates, means (subject to the regulations) business information that. Is not publicly available in respect of which the person has taken measures that are reasonable in the circumstances to ensure that it remains not publicly available has actual or potential economic value to the person or their competitors because it is not publicly available and its disclosure would result in a material financial loss to the person or a material financial gain to their competitors Clinical information. Means information in respect of a clinical trial, clinical studies or investigational testing, such as. clinical overviews, clinical summaries and clinical study reports for drugs summaries and detailed information of all clinical studies and investigational testing that provided evidence of safety and effectiveness for medical devices Clinical study report.

Means an "integrated" full report of an individual study of any therapeutic, prophylactic or diagnostic agent (drug or treatment) conducted in patients, in which. the clinical and statistical description, presentations and analyses are integrated into a single report incorporating tables and figures into the main text of the report or at the end of the text appendices contain the protocol, sample case report forms, investigator-related information, information related to the test drugs/investigational products, including active control/comparators, technical statistical documentation, related publications, patient data listings and technical statistical details such as derivations, computations, analyses and computer output FDA. Food and Drugs Act FDR. Food and Drug Regulations IMDRF ToC. International Medical Device Regulators Forum Table of Contents Medical device.

Has the same meaning as insee the Medical Devices Regulations. For information on the classification of medical devices, please see the guidance documents on the. risk-based classification system for in vitro diagnostic devices (IVDDs) risk-based classification system for non-in vitro diagnostic devices (non-IVDDs) Non-commercial purpose. Means the information will not be used to support a marketing authorization application anywhere in the world or sold or traded to another person Personal information.

Can you crush lasix

With thanks can you crush lasix to Amelia Meier-Batschelet, Johanna http://www.949toner.com/buy-kamagra-100mg-online/ Huggler, and Martin Meyer for help with compilation of this article. For the podcast associated with this article, please visit https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/pages/Podcasts.This is a Focus Issue on genetics. Described as the ‘single largest unmet need in cardiovascular medicine’, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains an untreatable disease currently representing 65% of new HF diagnoses. HFpEF is more frequent among women and is associated with a poor prognosis and unsustainable healthcare costs.1,2 can you crush lasix Moreover, the variability in HFpEF phenotypes amplifies the complexity and difficulties of the approach.3–5 In this perspective, unveiling novel molecular targets is imperative. In a State of the Art Review article entitled ‘Leveraging clinical epigenetics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. A call for individualized therapies’, authored by Francesco Paneni from the University of Zurich in Switzerland, and colleagues,6 the authors note that epigenetic modifications—defined as changes of DNA, histones, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs)—represent a molecular framework through which the environment modulates can you crush lasix gene expression.6 Epigenetic signals acquired over a lifetime lead to chromatin remodelling and affect transcriptional programmes underlying oxidative stress, inflammation, dysmetabolism, and maladaptive left ventricular (LV) remodelling, all conditions predisposing to HFpEF.

The strong involvement of epigenetic signalling in this setting makes the epigenetic information relevant for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in patients with HFpEF. The recent advances can you crush lasix in high-throughput sequencing, computational epigenetics, and machine learning have enabled the identification of reliable epigenetic biomarkers in cardiovascular patients. In contrast to genetic tools, epigenetic biomarkers mirror the contribution of environmental cues and lifestyle changes, and their reversible nature offers a promising opportunity to monitor disease states. The growing understanding of chromatin and ncRNA biology has led to the development of several Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved ‘epi-drugs’ (chromatin can you crush lasix modifiers, mimics, and anti-miRs) able to prevent transcriptional alterations underpinning LV remodelling and HFpEF. In the present review, Paneni and colleagues discuss the importance of clinical epigenetics as a new tool to be employed for a personalized management of HFpEF.Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) is a complex cardiac arrhythmia and the leading indication for permanent pacemaker implantation worldwide.

It is characterized by pathological sinus bradycardia, sinoatrial block, or alternating atrial brady- and tachyarrhythmias. Symptoms include fatigue, reduced can you crush lasix exercise capacity, and syncope. Few studies have been conducted on the basic mechanisms of SSS, and therapeutic limitations reflect an incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology.7 In a clinical research entitled ‘Genetic insight into sick sinus syndrome’, Rosa Thorolfsdottir from deCODE genetics in Reykjavik, Iceland, and colleagues aimed to use human genetics to investigate the pathogenesis of SSS and the role of risk factors in its development.8 The authors performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of >6000 SSS cases and >1 000 000 controls. Variants at six loci can you crush lasix associated with SSS. A full genotypic model best described the p.Gly62Cys association, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.44 for heterozygotes and a disproportionally large OR of 13.99 for homozygotes.

All the SSS variants increased the risk of pacemaker can you crush lasix implantation. Their association with atrial fibrillation (AF) varied, and p.Gly62Cys was the only variant not associating with any other arrhythmia or cardiovascular disease. They also tested 17 exposure phenotypes can you crush lasix in polygenic score (PGS) and Mendelian randomization analyses. Only two associated with risk of SSS in Mendelian randomization—AF and lower heart rate—suggesting causality. Powerful PGS analyses provided convincing evidence against causal associations for can you crush lasix body mass index, cholesterol, triglycerides, and type 2 diabetes (P >.

0.05) (Figure 1). Figure 1Summary of genetic insight into the pathogenesis of sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and the role of risk factors in its development. Variants at six loci (named by corresponding gene names) were identified through genome-wide association study can you crush lasix (GWAS), and their unique phenotypic associations provide insight into distinct pathways underlying SSS. Investigation of the role of risk factors in SSS development supported a causal role for atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart rate, and provided convincing evidence against causality for body mass index (BMI), cholesterol (HDL and non-HDL), triglycerides, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Mendelian randomization did not support causality for coronary artery disease, ischaemic stroke, heart failure, PR interval, or QRS duration (not can you crush lasix shown in the figure).

Red and blue arrows represent positive and negative associations, respectively (from Thorolfsdottir RB, Sveinbjornsson G, Aegisdottir HM, Benonisdottir S, Stefansdottir L, Ivarsdottir EV, Halldorsson GH, Sigurdsson JK, Torp-Pedersen C, Weeke PE, Brunak S, Westergaard D, Pedersen OB, Sorensen E, Nielsen KR, Burgdorf KS, Banasik K, Brumpton B, Zhou W, Oddsson A, Tragante V, Hjorleifsson KE, Davidsson OB, Rajamani S, Jonsson S, Torfason B, Valgardsson AS, Thorgeirsson G, Frigge ML, Thorleifsson G, Norddahl GL, Helgadottir A, Gretarsdottir S, Sulem P, Jonsdottir I, Willer CJ, Hveem K, Bundgaard H, Ullum H, Arnar DO, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Stefansson K. Genetic insight can you crush lasix into sick sinus syndrome. See pages 1959–1971.).Figure 1Summary of genetic insight into the pathogenesis of sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and the role of risk factors in its development. Variants at six loci (named by corresponding gene names) were identified through genome-wide association study (GWAS), and can you crush lasix their unique phenotypic associations provide insight into distinct pathways underlying SSS. Investigation of the role of risk factors in SSS development supported a causal role for atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart rate, and provided convincing evidence against causality for body mass index (BMI), cholesterol (HDL and non-HDL), triglycerides, and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Mendelian randomization did not support causality for coronary can you crush lasix artery disease, ischaemic stroke, heart failure, PR interval, or QRS duration (not shown in the figure). Red and blue arrows represent positive and negative associations, respectively (from Thorolfsdottir RB, Sveinbjornsson G, Aegisdottir HM, Benonisdottir S, Stefansdottir L, Ivarsdottir EV, Halldorsson GH, Sigurdsson JK, Torp-Pedersen C, Weeke PE, Brunak S, Westergaard D, Pedersen OB, Sorensen E, Nielsen KR, Burgdorf KS, Banasik K, Brumpton B, Zhou W, Oddsson A, Tragante V, Hjorleifsson KE, Davidsson OB, Rajamani S, Jonsson S, Torfason B, Valgardsson AS, Thorgeirsson G, Frigge ML, Thorleifsson G, Norddahl GL, Helgadottir A, Gretarsdottir S, Sulem P, Jonsdottir I, Willer CJ, Hveem K, Bundgaard H, Ullum H, Arnar DO, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Stefansson K. Genetic insight into sick sinus syndrome. See pages can you crush lasix 1959–1971.).Thorolfsdottir et al. Conclude that they report the associations of variants at six loci with SSS, including a missense variant in KRT8 that confers high risk in homozygotes and points to a mechanism specific to SSS development.

Mendelian randomization supports a causal role for can you crush lasix AF in the development of SSS. The article is accompanied by an Editorial by Stefan Kääb from LMU Klinikum in Munich, Germany, and colleagues.9 The authors conclude that the limitations of the work challenge clinical translation, but do not diminish the multiple interesting findings of Thorolfsdottir et al., bringing us closer to the finishing line of unlocking SSS genetics to develop new therapeutic strategies. They also highlight that this study represents a considerable accomplishment for the field, can you crush lasix but also clearly highlights upcoming challenges and indicates areas where further research is warranted on our way on the translational road to personalized medicine.Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked genetic disorder that affects ∼1 in every 3500 live-born male infants, making it the most common neuromuscular disease of childhood. The disease is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, which lead to dystrophin deficiency in muscle cells, resulting in decreased fibre stability and continued degeneration. The patients present with progressive muscle wasting and loss of muscle function, develop restrictive respiratory failure and dilated cardiomyopathy, and usually die in their late teens or twenties can you crush lasix from cardiac or respiratory failure.10 In a clinical research article ‘Association between prophylactic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and overall survival in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Analysis of registry data’ Raphaël Porcher from the Université de Paris in France, and colleagues estimate the effect of prophylactic angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on survival in DMD.11 The authors analysed the data from the French multicentre DMD-Heart-Registry. They estimated the association between the prophylactic prescription of ACE inhibitors and event-free survival in 668 can you crush lasix patients between the ages of 8 and 13 years, with normal left ventricular function, using (i) a Cox model with intervention as a time-dependent covariate. (ii) a propensity-based analysis comparing ACE inhibitor treatment vs. No treatment. And (iii) can you crush lasix a set of sensitivity analyses.

The study outcomes were (i) overall survival and (ii) hospitalizations for HF or acute respiratory failure. Among the patients can you crush lasix included in the DMD-Heart-Registry, 576 were eligible for this study, of whom 390 were treated with an ACE inhibitor prophylactically. Death occurred in 53 patients (13.5%) who were and 60 patients (32.3%) who were not treated prophylactically with an ACE inhibitor. In a Cox model, with intervention as a time-dependent variable, the hazard ratio (HR) associated can you crush lasix with ACE inhibitor treatment was 0.49 for overall mortality after adjustment for baseline variables. In the propensity-based analysis, with 278 patients included in the treatment group and 302 in the control group, ACE inhibitors were associated with a lower risk of death (HR 0.32) and hospitalization for HF (HR 0.16) (Figure 2).

All sensitivity analyses yielded similar can you crush lasix results. Figure 2Graphical Abstract (from Porcher R, Desguerre I, Amthor H, Chabrol B, Audic F, Rivier F, Isapof A, Tiffreau V, Campana-Salort E, Leturcq F, Tuffery-Giraud S, Ben Yaou R, Annane D, Amédro P, Barnerias C, Bécane HM, Béhin A, Bonnet D, Bassez G, Cossée M, de La Villéon G, Delcourte C, Fayssoil A, Fontaine B, Godart F, Guillaumont S, Jaillette E, Laforêt P, Leonard-Louis S, Lofaso F, Mayer M, Morales RJ, Meune C, Orlikowski D, Ovaert C, Prigent H, Saadi M, Sochala M, Tard C, Vaksmann G, Walther-Louvier U, Eymard B, Stojkovic T, Ravaud P, Duboc D, Wahbi K. Association between prophylactic can you crush lasix angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and overall survival in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Analysis of registry data. See pages 1976–1984.).Figure 2Graphical Abstract (from Porcher R, Desguerre I, Amthor H, Chabrol B, Audic F, Rivier F, Isapof A, Tiffreau V, Campana-Salort E, Leturcq F, Tuffery-Giraud S, Ben Yaou R, Annane D, Amédro P, Barnerias C, Bécane HM, Béhin A, Bonnet D, Bassez G, Cossée M, de La Villéon G, Delcourte C, Fayssoil A, Fontaine B, Godart F, Guillaumont S, Jaillette E, Laforêt P, Leonard-Louis S, Lofaso F, Mayer M, Morales RJ, Meune C, Orlikowski D, Ovaert C, Prigent H, Saadi M, Sochala M, Tard C, Vaksmann G, Walther-Louvier U, Eymard B, Stojkovic T, Ravaud P, Duboc D, Wahbi K.

Association between can you crush lasix prophylactic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and overall survival in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Analysis of registry data. See pages can you crush lasix 1976–1984.).Porcher et al. Conclude that prophylactic treatment with ACE inhibitors in DMD is associated with a significantly higher overall survival and lower rate of hospitalization for management of HF. The manuscript is accompanied by an Editorial by Mariell Jessup and can you crush lasix colleagues from the American Heart Association in Dallas, Texas, USA.12 The authors describe how cardioprotective strategies have been investigated in a number of cardiovascular disorders and successfully incorporated into treatment regimens for selected patients, including ACE inhibitors in patients with and without diabetes and coronary artery disease, angiotensin receptor blockers and beta-blockers in Marfan syndrome, and ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers in patients at risk for chemotherapy-related toxicity.

They conclude that Porcher et al. Have now convincingly demonstrated that even very young patients with DMD can benefit from the life-saving intervention of ACE inhibition.Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is can you crush lasix characterized by unexplained LV hypertrophy and often caused by pathogenic variants in genes that encode the sarcomere apparatus. Patients with HCM may experience atrial and ventricular arrhythmias and HF. However, disease expression and severity can you crush lasix are highly variable. Furthermore, there is marked diversity in the age of diagnosis.

Although childhood-onset disease is well documented, it is far less common. Owing to its rarity, the natural history of childhood-onset HCM is not well characterized.12–14 In a clinical research article entitled ‘Clinical characteristics and outcomes in childhood-onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy’, Nicholas Marston from the Harvard Medical School in Boston, MA, USA, and colleagues aimed to describe the characteristics and outcomes of childhood-onset can you crush lasix HCM.15 They performed an observational cohort study of >7500 HCM patients. HCM patients were stratified by age at diagnosis [<1 year (infancy), 1–18 years (childhood), >18 years (adulthood)] and assessed for composite endpoints including HF, life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, AF, and an overall composite that also included stroke and death. Stratifying by age of diagnosis, 2.4% of patients were diagnosed in infancy, 14.7% in childhood, can you crush lasix and 2.9% in adulthood. Childhood-onset HCM patients had an ∼2%/year event rate for the overall composite endpoint, with ventricular arrhythmias representing the most common event in the first decade following the baseline visit, and HF and AF more common by the end of the second decade.

Sarcomeric HCM was more common in childhood-onset HCM (63%) and carried a worse prognosis than can you crush lasix non-sarcomeric disease, including a >2-fold increased risk of HF and 67% increased risk of the overall composite outcome. When compared with adult-onset HCM, those with childhood-onset disease were 36% more likely to develop life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and twice as likely to require transplant or a ventricular assist device.The authors conclude that patients with childhood-onset HCM are more likely to have sarcomeric disease, carry a higher risk of life-threatening ventricular arrythmias, and have greater need for advanced HF therapies. The manuscript is accompanied by an Editorial by Juan Pablo Kaski from the University College London (UCL) Institute of Cardiovascular Science in London, UK.16 Kaski concludes that the field of HCM is now entering the era of personalized medicine, can you crush lasix with the advent of gene therapy programmes and a focus on treatments targeting the underlying pathophysiology. Pre-clinical data suggesting that small molecule myosin inhibitors may attenuate or even prevent disease expression provide cause for optimism, and nowhere more so than for childhood-onset HCM. An international collaborative approach involving basic, translational, and clinical science is now needed to characterize disease expression and progression and develop novel therapies for childhood HCM.Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heart muscle disease characterized by LV dilatation can you crush lasix and systolic dysfunction in the absence of abnormal loading conditions or coronary artery disease.

It is a major cause of systolic HF, the leading indication for heart transplantation, and therefore a major public health problem due to the important cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.17,18 Understanding of the genetic basis of DCM has improved in recent years, with a role for both rare and common variants resulting in a complex genetic architecture of the disease. In a translational research article entitled ‘Genome-wide association analysis in dilated cardiomyopathy reveals two new players in systolic heart failure on chromosomes 3p25.1 and 22q11.23’, Sophie Garnier from the Sorbonne Université in Paris, France, and colleagues conducted the largest genome-wide association study performed so far in DCM, with >2500 cases and >4000 controls in the discovery population.19 They identified and replicated two new DCM-associated loci, on chromosome 3p25.1 and chromosome 22q11.23, while confirming two previously identified DCM loci on chromosomes 10 and 1, BAG3 and HSPB7. A PGS constructed from the number of risk alleles at these four DCM loci revealed a 27% increased risk of DCM for individuals with eight risk alleles compared with individuals with five risk alleles can you crush lasix (median of the referral population). In silico annotation and functional 4C-sequencing analysis on induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes identified SLC6A6 as the most likely DCM gene at the 3p25.1 locus. This gene encodes can you crush lasix a taurine transporter whose involvement in myocardial dysfunction and DCM is supported by numerous observations in humans and animals.

At the 22q11.23 locus, in silico and data mining annotations, and to a lesser extent functional analysis, strongly suggested SMARCB1 as the candidate culprit gene.Garnier et al. Conclude that their study provides a better understanding of the genetic architecture of DCM and sheds light on novel biological can you crush lasix pathways underlying HF. The manuscript is accompanied by an Editorial by Elizabeth McNally from the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago, USA, and colleagues.20 The authors conclude that methods to integrate common and rare genetic information will continue to evolve and provide insight on disease progression, potentially providing biomarkers and clues for useful therapeutic pathways to guide drug development. At present, rare cardiomyopathy variants can you crush lasix have clinical utility in predicting risk, especially arrhythmic risk. PGS analyses for HF or DCM progression are expected to come to clinical use, especially with the addition of broader GWAS-derived data.

Combining genetic risk data with clinical and social determinants should help identify those at greatest risk, offering the opportunity can you crush lasix for risk reduction.In a Special Article entitled ‘Influenza vaccination. A ‘shot’ at INVESTing in cardiovascular health’, Scott Solomon from the Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School in Boston, MA, USA, and colleagues note that the link between viral respiratory and non-pulmonary organ-specific injury has become increasingly appreciated during the current hypertension disease 2019 (hypertension medications) lasix.21 Even prior to the lasix, however, the association between acute with influenza and elevated cardiovascular risk was evident. The recently published results of the NHLBI-funded INVESTED trial, a 5200-patient comparative effectiveness study of high-dose vs. Standard-dose influenza treatment to can you crush lasix reduce cardiopulmonary events and mortality in a high-risk cardiovascular population, found no difference between strategies. However, the broader implications of influenza treatment as a strategy to reduce morbidity in high-risk patients remains extremely important, with randomized control trial and observational data supporting vaccination in high-risk patients with cardiovascular disease.

Given a can you crush lasix favourable risk–benefit profile and widespread availability at generally low cost, the authors contend that influenza vaccination should remain a centrepiece of cardiovascular risk mitigation and describe the broader context of underutilization of this strategy. Few therapeutics in medicine offer seasonal efficacy from a single administration with generally mild, transient side effects and exceedingly low rates of serious adverse effects. control measures such as physical distancing, hand washing, and the use of masks during can you crush lasix the hypertension medications lasix have already been associated with substantially curtailed incidence of influenza outbreaks across the globe. Appending annual influenza vaccination to these measures represents an important public health and moral imperative.The issue is complemented by two Discussion Forum articles. In a contribution entitled ‘Management of acute coronary can you crush lasix syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation and coexistent atrial fibrillation’, Paolo Verdecchia from the Hospital S.

Maria della Misericordia in Perugia, Italy, and colleagues comment on the recently published contribution ‘2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. The Task Force for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)’.22,23 A response to Verdecchia’s comment has been supplied by Collet can you crush lasix et al.24The editors hope that readers of this issue of the European Heart Journal will find it of interest. References1Sorimachi H, Obokata M, Takahashi N, Reddy YNV, Jain CC, Verbrugge FH, Koepp KE, Khosla S, Jensen MD, Borlaug BA. Pathophysiologic importance of visceral adipose tissue in women with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. Eur Heart J 2021;42:1595–1605.2Omland can you crush lasix T.

Targeting the endothelin system. A step towards a precision medicine can you crush lasix approach in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction?. Eur Heart J 2019;40:3718–3720.3Reddy YNV, Obokata M, Wiley B, Koepp KE, Jorgenson CC, Egbe A, Melenovsky V, Carter RE, Borlaug BA. The haemodynamic can you crush lasix basis of lung congestion during exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur Heart J 2019;40:3721–3730.4Obokata M, Kane GC, Reddy YNV, Melenovsky V, Olson TP, Jarolim P, Borlaug BA.

The neurohormonal basis of pulmonary hypertension in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction can you crush lasix. Eur Heart J 2019;40:3707–3717.5Pieske B, Tschöpe C, de Boer RA, Fraser AG, Anker SD, Donal E, Edelmann F, Fu M, Guazzi M, Lam CSP, Lancellotti P, Melenovsky V, Morris DA, Nagel E, Pieske-Kraigher E, Ponikowski P, Solomon SD, Vasan RS, Rutten FH, Voors AA, Ruschitzka F, Paulus WJ, Seferovic P, Filippatos G. How to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction can you crush lasix. The HFA-PEFF diagnostic algorithm. A consensus recommendation from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).

Eur Heart J 2019;40:3297–3317.6Hamdani N, Costantino S, Mügge A, can you crush lasix Lebeche D, Tschöpe C, Thum T, Paneni F. Leveraging clinical epigenetics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. A call can you crush lasix for individualized therapies. Eur Heart J 2021;42:1940–1958.7Corrigendum to. 2018 ESC can you crush lasix Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope.

Eur Heart J 2018;39:2002.8Thorolfsdottir RB, Sveinbjornsson G, Aegisdottir HM, Benonisdottir S, Stefansdottir L, Ivarsdottir EV, Halldorsson GH, Sigurdsson JK, Torp-Pedersen C, Weeke PE, Brunak S, Westergaard D, Pedersen OB, Sorensen E, Nielsen KR, Burgdorf KS, Banasik K, Brumpton B, Zhou W, Oddsson A, Tragante V, Hjorleifsson KE, Davidsson OB, Rajamani S, Jonsson S, Torfason B, Valgardsson AS, Thorgeirsson G, Frigge ML, Thorleifsson G, Norddahl GL, Helgadottir A, Gretarsdottir S, Sulem P, Jonsdottir I, Willer CJ, Hveem K, Bundgaard H, Ullum H, Arnar DO, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Stefansson K. Genetic insight can you crush lasix into sick sinus syndrome. Eur Heart J 2021;42:1959–1971.9Tomsits P, Claus S, Kääb S. Genetic insight into sick sinus syndrome can you crush lasix. Is there a pill for it or how far are we on the translational road to personalized medicine?.

Eur Heart J 2021;42:1972–1975.10Hoffman EP, Fischbeck KH, Brown RH, Johnson M, Medori R, Loike JD, Harris JB, Waterston R, Brooke M, Specht L, Kupsky W, Chamberlain J, Caskey T, Shapiro F, Kunkel LM. Characterization of dystrophin in can you crush lasix muscle-biopsy specimens from patients with Duchenne’s or Becker’s muscular dystrophy. N Engl J Med 1988;318:1363–1368.11Porcher R, Desguerre I, Amthor H, Chabrol B, Audic F, Rivier F, Isapof A, Tiffreau V, Campana-Salort E, Leturcq F, Tuffery-Giraud S, Ben Yaou R, Annane D, Amédro P, Barnerias C, Bécane HM, Béhin A, Bonnet D, Bassez G, Cossée M, de La Villéon G, Delcourte C, Fayssoil A, Fontaine B, Godart F, Guillaumont S, Jaillette E, Laforêt P, Leonard-Louis S, Lofaso F, Mayer M, Morales RJ, Meune C, Orlikowski D, Ovaert C, Prigent H, Saadi M, Sochala M, Tard C, Vaksmann G, Walther-Louvier U, Eymard B, Stojkovic T, Ravaud P, Duboc D, Wahbi K. Association between can you crush lasix prophylactic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and overall survival in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Analysis of registry data.

Eur Heart J 2021;42:1976–1984.12Owens AT, Jessup M can you crush lasix. Cardioprotection in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Eur Heart J can you crush lasix 2021;42:1985–1987.13Semsarian C, Ho CY. Screening children at risk for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Balancing benefits and can you crush lasix harms.

Eur Heart J 2019;40:3682–3684.14Lafreniere-Roula M, Bolkier Y, Zahavich L, Mathew J, George K, Wilson J, Stephenson EA, Benson LN, Manlhiot C, Mital S. Family screening for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Is it time to can you crush lasix change practice guidelines?. Eur Heart J 2019;40:3672–3681.15Marston NA, Han L, Olivotto I, Day SM, Ashley EA, Michels M, Pereira AC, Ingles J, Semsarian C, Jacoby D, Colan SD, Rossano JW, Wittekind SG, Ware JS, Saberi S, Helms AS, Ho CY. Clinical characteristics can you crush lasix and outcomes in childhood-onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Eur Heart J 2021;42:1988–1996.16Kaski JP. Childhood-onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy research can you crush lasix coming of age. Eur Heart J 2021;42:1997–1999.17Elliott P, Andersson B, Arbustini E, Bilinska Z, Cecchi F, Charron P, Dubourg O, Kühl U, Maisch B, McKenna WJ, Monserrat L, Pankuweit S, Rapezzi C, Seferovic P, Tavazzi L, Keren A. Classification of the cardiomyopathies can you crush lasix. A position statement from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases.

Eur Heart J 2008;29:270–276.18Crea F can you crush lasix. Machine learning-guided phenotyping of dilated cardiomyopathy and treatment of heart failure by antisense oligonucleotides. The future has begun. Eur Heart J 2021;42:139–142.19Garnier S, Harakalova M, Weiss S, Mokry M, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Hengstenberg C, Cappola TP, Isnard R, Arbustini E, Cook SA, van Setten J, Calis JJA, Hakonarson H, Morley can you crush lasix MP, Stark K, Prasad SK, Li J, O’Regan DP, Grasso M, Müller-Nurasyid M, Meitinger T, Empana JP, Strauch K, Waldenberger M, Marguiles KB, Seidman CE, Kararigas G, Meder B, Haas J, Boutouyrie P, Lacolley P, Jouven X, Erdmann J, Blankenberg S, Wichter T, Ruppert V, Tavazzi L, Dubourg O, Roizes G, Dorent R, de Groote P, Fauchier L, Trochu JN, Aupetit JF, Bilinska ZT, Germain M, Völker U, Hemerich D, Raji I, Bacq-Daian D, Proust C, Remior P, Gomez-Bueno M, Lehnert K, Maas R, Olaso R, Saripella GV, Felix SB, McGinn S, Duboscq-Bidot L, van Mil A, Besse C, Fontaine V, Blanché H, Ader F, Keating B, Curjol A, Boland A, Komajda M, Cambien F, Deleuze JF, Dörr M, Asselbergs FW, Villard E, Trégouët DA, Charron P. Genome-wide association analysis in dilated cardiomyopathy reveals two new players in systolic heart failure on chromosomes 3p25.1 and 22q11.23.

Eur Heart J 2021;42:2000–2011.20Fullenkamp DE, Puckelwartz MJ, McNally can you crush lasix EM. Genome-wide association for heart failure. From discovery can you crush lasix to clinical use. Eur Heart J 2021;42:2012–2014.21Bhatt AS, Vardeny O, Udell JA, Joseph J, Kim K, Solomon SD. Influenza vaccination can you crush lasix.

A ‘shot’ at INVESTing in cardiovascular health. Eur Heart can you crush lasix J 2021;42:2015–2018.22Verdecchia P, Angeli F, Cavallini C. Management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation and coexistent atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2021;42:2019.23Collet JP, Thiele H, Barbato E, Barthélémy O, Bauersachs J, Bhatt DL, Dendale P, Dorobantu M, Edvardsen T, Folliguet T, Gale CP, Gilard M, Jobs A, Jüni P, Lambrinou E, Lewis BS, Mehilli J, Meliga E, Merkely B, Mueller C, Roffi M, Rutten FH, Sibbing D, Siontis GCM. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients can you crush lasix presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation.

Eur Heart J 2021;42:1289–1367.24Collet JP, Thiele H. Management of acute coronary syndromes in can you crush lasix patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation and coexistent atrial fibrillation – Dual versus triple antithrombotic therapy. Eur Heart J 2021;42:2020–2021. Published can you crush lasix on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved.

© The can you crush lasix Author(s) 2021. For permissions, please email. Journals.permissions@oup.com..

With thanks get lasix online to Amelia Meier-Batschelet, Johanna Huggler, and Martin Meyer for help with compilation of this article. For the podcast associated with this article, please visit https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/pages/Podcasts.This is http://www.949toner.com/buy-kamagra-100mg-online/ a Focus Issue on genetics. Described as the ‘single largest unmet need in cardiovascular medicine’, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains an untreatable disease currently representing 65% of new HF diagnoses. HFpEF is more frequent among women and is associated with a poor prognosis and unsustainable healthcare costs.1,2 Moreover, the variability in HFpEF phenotypes amplifies the complexity and difficulties of the approach.3–5 In this perspective, unveiling novel get lasix online molecular targets is imperative. In a State of the Art Review article entitled ‘Leveraging clinical epigenetics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. A call for individualized therapies’, authored by Francesco Paneni from the University of Zurich in Switzerland, and colleagues,6 the authors note that epigenetic modifications—defined as changes of DNA, histones, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs)—represent a molecular framework through which the environment modulates gene expression.6 Epigenetic signals acquired over a lifetime lead to chromatin remodelling and affect transcriptional programmes underlying oxidative stress, inflammation, get lasix online dysmetabolism, and maladaptive left ventricular (LV) remodelling, all conditions predisposing to HFpEF.

The strong involvement of epigenetic signalling in this setting makes the epigenetic information relevant for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in patients with HFpEF. The recent advances in high-throughput sequencing, computational epigenetics, and machine learning have enabled the identification of reliable epigenetic biomarkers get lasix online in cardiovascular patients. In contrast to genetic tools, epigenetic biomarkers mirror the contribution of environmental cues and lifestyle changes, and their reversible nature offers a promising opportunity to monitor disease states. The growing understanding of chromatin and ncRNA biology has led to the get lasix online development of several Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved ‘epi-drugs’ (chromatin modifiers, mimics, and anti-miRs) able to prevent transcriptional alterations underpinning LV remodelling and HFpEF. In the present review, Paneni and colleagues discuss the importance of clinical epigenetics as a new tool to be employed for a personalized management of HFpEF.Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) is a complex cardiac arrhythmia and the leading indication for permanent pacemaker implantation worldwide.

It is characterized by pathological sinus bradycardia, sinoatrial block, or alternating atrial brady- and tachyarrhythmias. Symptoms include get lasix online fatigue, reduced exercise capacity, and syncope. Few studies have been conducted on the basic mechanisms of SSS, and therapeutic limitations reflect an incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology.7 In a clinical research entitled ‘Genetic insight into sick sinus syndrome’, Rosa Thorolfsdottir from deCODE genetics in Reykjavik, Iceland, and colleagues aimed to use human genetics to investigate the pathogenesis of SSS and the role of risk factors in its development.8 The authors performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of >6000 SSS cases and >1 000 000 controls. Variants at six get lasix online loci associated with SSS. A full genotypic model best described the p.Gly62Cys association, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.44 for heterozygotes and a disproportionally large OR of 13.99 for homozygotes.

All the SSS variants increased the risk get lasix online of pacemaker implantation. Their association with atrial fibrillation (AF) varied, and p.Gly62Cys was the only variant not associating with any other arrhythmia or cardiovascular disease. They also tested 17 exposure phenotypes in polygenic score get lasix online (PGS) and Mendelian randomization analyses. Only two associated with risk of SSS in Mendelian randomization—AF and lower heart rate—suggesting causality. Powerful PGS get lasix online analyses provided convincing evidence against causal associations for body mass index, cholesterol, triglycerides, and type 2 diabetes (P >.

0.05) (Figure 1). Figure 1Summary of genetic insight into the pathogenesis of sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and the role of risk factors in its development. Variants at six loci (named by corresponding gene names) were identified through genome-wide association study (GWAS), and their unique phenotypic associations provide insight into distinct get lasix online pathways underlying SSS. Investigation of the role of risk factors in SSS development supported a causal role for atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart rate, and provided convincing evidence against causality for body mass index (BMI), cholesterol (HDL and non-HDL), triglycerides, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Mendelian randomization did not support causality for coronary artery disease, ischaemic stroke, heart failure, PR interval, or get lasix online QRS duration (not shown in the figure).

Red and blue arrows represent positive and negative associations, respectively (from Thorolfsdottir RB, Sveinbjornsson G, Aegisdottir HM, Benonisdottir S, Stefansdottir L, Ivarsdottir EV, Halldorsson GH, Sigurdsson JK, Torp-Pedersen C, Weeke PE, Brunak S, Westergaard D, Pedersen OB, Sorensen E, Nielsen KR, Burgdorf KS, Banasik K, Brumpton B, Zhou W, Oddsson A, Tragante V, Hjorleifsson KE, Davidsson OB, Rajamani S, Jonsson S, Torfason B, Valgardsson AS, Thorgeirsson G, Frigge ML, Thorleifsson G, Norddahl GL, Helgadottir A, Gretarsdottir S, Sulem P, Jonsdottir I, Willer CJ, Hveem K, Bundgaard H, Ullum H, Arnar DO, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Stefansson K. Genetic insight into sick sinus get lasix online syndrome. See pages 1959–1971.).Figure 1Summary of genetic insight into the pathogenesis of sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and the role of risk factors in its development. Variants at six loci (named by corresponding gene names) were identified through genome-wide association study (GWAS), and their unique phenotypic associations provide insight into distinct pathways get lasix online underlying SSS. Investigation of the role of risk factors in SSS development supported a causal role for atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart rate, and provided convincing evidence against causality for body mass index (BMI), cholesterol (HDL and non-HDL), triglycerides, and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Mendelian randomization did not support causality for coronary artery disease, ischaemic stroke, heart get lasix online failure, PR interval, or QRS duration (not shown in the figure). Red and blue arrows represent positive and negative associations, respectively (from Thorolfsdottir RB, Sveinbjornsson G, Aegisdottir HM, Benonisdottir S, Stefansdottir L, Ivarsdottir EV, Halldorsson GH, Sigurdsson JK, Torp-Pedersen C, Weeke PE, Brunak S, Westergaard D, Pedersen OB, Sorensen E, Nielsen KR, Burgdorf KS, Banasik K, Brumpton B, Zhou W, Oddsson A, Tragante V, Hjorleifsson KE, Davidsson OB, Rajamani S, Jonsson S, Torfason B, Valgardsson AS, Thorgeirsson G, Frigge ML, Thorleifsson G, Norddahl GL, Helgadottir A, Gretarsdottir S, Sulem P, Jonsdottir I, Willer CJ, Hveem K, Bundgaard H, Ullum H, Arnar DO, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Stefansson K. Genetic insight into sick sinus syndrome. See pages 1959–1971.).Thorolfsdottir get lasix online et al. Conclude that they report the associations of variants at six loci with SSS, including a missense variant in KRT8 that confers high risk in homozygotes and points to a mechanism specific to SSS development.

Mendelian randomization supports a causal role get lasix online for AF in the development of SSS. The article is accompanied by an Editorial by Stefan Kääb from LMU Klinikum in Munich, Germany, and colleagues.9 The authors conclude that the limitations of the work challenge clinical translation, but do not diminish the multiple interesting findings of Thorolfsdottir et al., bringing us closer to the finishing line of unlocking SSS genetics to develop new therapeutic strategies. They also highlight that this study represents a considerable accomplishment for the field, but also clearly highlights upcoming challenges and indicates areas where further research is warranted on our way on the translational road to personalized medicine.Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked genetic disorder that affects ∼1 in every 3500 live-born male infants, making it the most common neuromuscular get lasix online disease of childhood. The disease is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, which lead to dystrophin deficiency in muscle cells, resulting in decreased fibre stability and continued degeneration. The patients present with progressive muscle wasting and loss get lasix online of muscle function, develop restrictive respiratory failure and dilated cardiomyopathy, and usually die in their late teens or twenties from cardiac or respiratory failure.10 In a clinical research article ‘Association between prophylactic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and overall survival in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Analysis of registry data’ Raphaël Porcher from the Université de Paris in France, and colleagues estimate the effect of prophylactic angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on survival in DMD.11 The authors analysed the data from the French multicentre DMD-Heart-Registry. They estimated the association between the prophylactic prescription of ACE inhibitors and event-free survival in 668 patients between the ages get lasix online of 8 and 13 years, with normal left ventricular function, using (i) a Cox model with intervention as a time-dependent covariate. (ii) a propensity-based analysis comparing ACE inhibitor treatment vs. No treatment. And (iii) a set of sensitivity get lasix online analyses.

The study outcomes were (i) overall survival and (ii) hospitalizations for HF or acute respiratory failure. Among the patients included in the DMD-Heart-Registry, 576 were eligible for get lasix online this study, of whom 390 were treated with an ACE inhibitor prophylactically. Death occurred in 53 patients (13.5%) who were and 60 patients (32.3%) who were not treated prophylactically with an ACE inhibitor. In a Cox model, with intervention as a time-dependent variable, the hazard ratio (HR) associated with ACE inhibitor treatment was 0.49 for overall mortality after adjustment get lasix online for baseline variables. In the propensity-based analysis, with 278 patients included in the treatment group and 302 in the control group, ACE inhibitors were associated with a lower risk of death (HR 0.32) and hospitalization for HF (HR 0.16) (Figure 2).

All sensitivity analyses yielded get lasix online similar results. Figure 2Graphical Abstract (from Porcher R, Desguerre I, Amthor H, Chabrol B, Audic F, Rivier F, Isapof A, Tiffreau V, Campana-Salort E, Leturcq F, Tuffery-Giraud S, Ben Yaou R, Annane D, Amédro P, Barnerias C, Bécane HM, Béhin A, Bonnet D, Bassez G, Cossée M, de La Villéon G, Delcourte C, Fayssoil A, Fontaine B, Godart F, Guillaumont S, Jaillette E, Laforêt P, Leonard-Louis S, Lofaso F, Mayer M, Morales RJ, Meune C, Orlikowski D, Ovaert C, Prigent H, Saadi M, Sochala M, Tard C, Vaksmann G, Walther-Louvier U, Eymard B, Stojkovic T, Ravaud P, Duboc D, Wahbi K. Association between prophylactic angiotensin-converting enzyme get lasix online inhibitors and overall survival in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Analysis of registry data. See pages 1976–1984.).Figure 2Graphical Abstract (from Porcher R, Desguerre I, Amthor H, Chabrol B, Audic F, Rivier F, Isapof A, Tiffreau V, Campana-Salort E, Leturcq F, Tuffery-Giraud S, Ben Yaou R, Annane D, Amédro P, Barnerias C, Bécane HM, Béhin A, Bonnet D, Bassez G, Cossée M, de La Villéon G, Delcourte C, Fayssoil A, Fontaine B, Godart F, Guillaumont S, Jaillette E, Laforêt P, Leonard-Louis S, Lofaso F, Mayer M, Morales RJ, Meune C, Orlikowski D, Ovaert C, Prigent H, Saadi M, Sochala M, Tard C, Vaksmann G, Walther-Louvier U, Eymard B, Stojkovic T, Ravaud P, Duboc D, Wahbi K.

Association between get lasix online prophylactic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and overall survival in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Analysis of registry data. See pages 1976–1984.).Porcher et al get lasix online. Conclude that prophylactic treatment with ACE inhibitors in DMD is associated with a significantly higher overall survival and lower rate of hospitalization for management of HF. The manuscript is accompanied by an Editorial by Mariell Jessup and colleagues from the American Heart Association in Dallas, Texas, USA.12 The authors describe how cardioprotective strategies have been investigated in a number of cardiovascular disorders and successfully incorporated into treatment regimens for selected patients, including ACE inhibitors in patients with and get lasix online without diabetes and coronary artery disease, angiotensin receptor blockers and beta-blockers in Marfan syndrome, and ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers in patients at risk for chemotherapy-related toxicity.

They conclude that Porcher et al. Have now convincingly demonstrated that even very young patients get lasix online with DMD can benefit from the life-saving intervention of ACE inhibition.Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by unexplained LV hypertrophy and often caused by pathogenic variants in genes that encode the sarcomere apparatus. Patients with HCM may experience atrial and ventricular arrhythmias and HF. However, disease expression and severity are highly get lasix online variable. Furthermore, there is marked diversity in the age of diagnosis.

Although childhood-onset disease is well documented, it is far less common. Owing to its rarity, the natural history of childhood-onset HCM is not well characterized.12–14 In a clinical research article entitled ‘Clinical characteristics and outcomes in childhood-onset hypertrophic get lasix online cardiomyopathy’, Nicholas Marston from the Harvard Medical School in Boston, MA, USA, and colleagues aimed to describe the characteristics and outcomes of childhood-onset HCM.15 They performed an observational cohort study of >7500 HCM patients. HCM patients were stratified by age at diagnosis [<1 year (infancy), 1–18 years (childhood), >18 years (adulthood)] and assessed for composite endpoints including HF, life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, AF, and an overall composite that also included stroke and death. Stratifying by age of diagnosis, 2.4% of patients were diagnosed in infancy, get lasix online 14.7% in childhood, and 2.9% in adulthood. Childhood-onset HCM patients had an ∼2%/year event rate for the overall composite endpoint, with ventricular arrhythmias representing the most common event in the first decade following the baseline visit, and HF and AF more common by the end of the second decade.

Sarcomeric HCM was more common in childhood-onset get lasix online HCM (63%) and carried a worse prognosis than non-sarcomeric disease, including a >2-fold increased risk of HF and 67% increased risk of the overall composite outcome. When compared with adult-onset HCM, those with childhood-onset disease were 36% more likely to develop life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and twice as likely to require transplant or a ventricular assist device.The authors conclude that patients with childhood-onset HCM are more likely to have sarcomeric disease, carry a higher risk of life-threatening ventricular arrythmias, and have greater need for advanced HF therapies. The manuscript is accompanied by an Editorial by Juan Pablo Kaski from the University College London (UCL) Institute get lasix online of Cardiovascular Science in London, UK.16 Kaski concludes that the field of HCM is now entering the era of personalized medicine, with the advent of gene therapy programmes and a focus on treatments targeting the underlying pathophysiology. Pre-clinical data suggesting that small molecule myosin inhibitors may attenuate or even prevent disease expression provide cause for optimism, and nowhere more so than for childhood-onset HCM. An international collaborative approach involving basic, translational, and clinical science is now needed get lasix online to characterize disease expression and progression and develop novel therapies for childhood HCM.Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heart muscle disease characterized by LV dilatation and systolic dysfunction in the absence of abnormal loading conditions or coronary artery disease.

It is a major cause of systolic HF, the leading indication for heart transplantation, and therefore a major public health problem due to the important cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.17,18 Understanding of the genetic basis of DCM has improved in recent years, with a role for both rare and common variants resulting in a complex genetic architecture of the disease. In a translational research article entitled ‘Genome-wide association analysis in dilated cardiomyopathy reveals two new players in systolic heart failure on chromosomes 3p25.1 and 22q11.23’, Sophie Garnier from the Sorbonne Université in Paris, France, and colleagues conducted the largest genome-wide association study performed so far in DCM, with >2500 cases and >4000 controls in the discovery population.19 They identified and replicated two new DCM-associated loci, on chromosome 3p25.1 and chromosome 22q11.23, while confirming two previously identified DCM loci on chromosomes 10 and 1, BAG3 and HSPB7. A PGS constructed from the number of risk alleles at these four DCM loci revealed a 27% increased risk of DCM for individuals with eight risk alleles compared with individuals with five get lasix online risk alleles (median of the referral population). In silico annotation and functional 4C-sequencing analysis on induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes identified SLC6A6 as the most likely DCM gene at the 3p25.1 locus. This gene encodes get lasix online a taurine transporter whose involvement in myocardial dysfunction and DCM is supported by numerous observations in humans and animals.

At the 22q11.23 locus, in silico and data mining annotations, and to a lesser extent functional analysis, strongly suggested SMARCB1 as the candidate culprit gene.Garnier et al. Conclude that their study provides a better get lasix online understanding of the genetic architecture of DCM and sheds light on novel biological pathways underlying HF. The manuscript is accompanied by an Editorial by Elizabeth McNally from the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago, USA, and colleagues.20 The authors conclude that methods to integrate common and rare genetic information will continue to evolve and provide insight on disease progression, potentially providing biomarkers and clues for useful therapeutic pathways to guide drug development. At present, rare cardiomyopathy variants have clinical utility in predicting risk, especially get lasix online arrhythmic risk. PGS analyses for HF or DCM progression are expected to come to clinical use, especially with the addition of broader GWAS-derived data.

Combining genetic risk data with clinical and social determinants should help identify those get lasix online at greatest risk, offering the opportunity for risk reduction.In a Special Article entitled ‘Influenza vaccination. A ‘shot’ at INVESTing in cardiovascular health’, Scott Solomon from the Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School in Boston, MA, USA, and colleagues note that the link between viral respiratory and non-pulmonary organ-specific injury has become increasingly appreciated during the current hypertension disease 2019 (hypertension medications) lasix.21 Even prior to the lasix, however, the association between acute with influenza and elevated cardiovascular risk was evident. The recently published results of the NHLBI-funded INVESTED trial, a 5200-patient comparative effectiveness study of high-dose vs. Standard-dose influenza get lasix online treatment to reduce cardiopulmonary events and mortality in a high-risk cardiovascular population, found no difference between strategies. However, the broader implications of influenza treatment as a strategy to reduce morbidity in high-risk patients remains extremely important, with randomized control trial and observational data supporting vaccination in high-risk patients with cardiovascular disease.

Given a favourable risk–benefit profile and widespread availability at generally low cost, the authors contend that influenza vaccination should remain a centrepiece of cardiovascular risk mitigation get lasix online and describe the broader context of underutilization of this strategy. Few therapeutics in medicine offer seasonal efficacy from a single administration with generally mild, transient side effects and exceedingly low rates of serious adverse effects. control measures such as get lasix online physical distancing, hand washing, and the use of masks during the hypertension medications lasix have already been associated with substantially curtailed incidence of influenza outbreaks across the globe. Appending annual influenza vaccination to these measures represents an important public health and moral imperative.The issue is complemented by two Discussion Forum articles. In a contribution entitled ‘Management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation and coexistent atrial fibrillation’, Paolo Verdecchia get lasix online from the Hospital S.

Maria della Misericordia in Perugia, Italy, and colleagues comment on the recently published contribution ‘2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. The Task Force for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)’.22,23 A response to Verdecchia’s comment has been supplied by get lasix online Collet et al.24The editors hope that readers of this issue of the European Heart Journal will find it of interest. References1Sorimachi H, Obokata M, Takahashi N, Reddy YNV, Jain CC, Verbrugge FH, Koepp KE, Khosla S, Jensen MD, Borlaug BA. Pathophysiologic importance of visceral adipose tissue in women with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. Eur Heart J 2021;42:1595–1605.2Omland get lasix online T.

Targeting the endothelin system. A step towards a precision medicine get lasix online approach in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction?. Eur Heart J 2019;40:3718–3720.3Reddy YNV, Obokata M, Wiley B, Koepp KE, Jorgenson CC, Egbe A, Melenovsky V, Carter RE, Borlaug BA. The haemodynamic get lasix online basis of lung congestion during exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur Heart J 2019;40:3721–3730.4Obokata M, Kane GC, Reddy YNV, Melenovsky V, Olson TP, Jarolim P, Borlaug BA.

The neurohormonal basis of pulmonary hypertension in heart get lasix online failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur Heart J 2019;40:3707–3717.5Pieske B, Tschöpe C, de Boer RA, Fraser AG, Anker SD, Donal E, Edelmann F, Fu M, Guazzi M, Lam CSP, Lancellotti P, Melenovsky V, Morris DA, Nagel E, Pieske-Kraigher E, Ponikowski P, Solomon SD, Vasan RS, Rutten FH, Voors AA, Ruschitzka F, Paulus WJ, Seferovic P, Filippatos G. How to diagnose heart failure with get lasix online preserved ejection fraction. The HFA-PEFF diagnostic algorithm. A consensus recommendation from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).

Eur Heart J 2019;40:3297–3317.6Hamdani N, Costantino S, Mügge A, get lasix online Lebeche D, Tschöpe C, Thum T, Paneni F. Leveraging clinical epigenetics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. A call for get lasix online individualized therapies. Eur Heart J 2021;42:1940–1958.7Corrigendum to. 2018 ESC get lasix online Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope.

Eur Heart J 2018;39:2002.8Thorolfsdottir RB, Sveinbjornsson G, Aegisdottir HM, Benonisdottir S, Stefansdottir L, Ivarsdottir EV, Halldorsson GH, Sigurdsson JK, Torp-Pedersen C, Weeke PE, Brunak S, Westergaard D, Pedersen OB, Sorensen E, Nielsen KR, Burgdorf KS, Banasik K, Brumpton B, Zhou W, Oddsson A, Tragante V, Hjorleifsson KE, Davidsson OB, Rajamani S, Jonsson S, Torfason B, Valgardsson AS, Thorgeirsson G, Frigge ML, Thorleifsson G, Norddahl GL, Helgadottir A, Gretarsdottir S, Sulem P, Jonsdottir I, Willer CJ, Hveem K, Bundgaard H, Ullum H, Arnar DO, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Stefansson K. Genetic insight into get lasix online sick sinus syndrome. Eur Heart J 2021;42:1959–1971.9Tomsits P, Claus S, Kääb S. Genetic insight get lasix online into sick sinus syndrome. Is there a pill for it or how far are we on the translational road to personalized medicine?.

Eur Heart J 2021;42:1972–1975.10Hoffman EP, Fischbeck KH, Brown RH, Johnson M, Medori R, Loike JD, Harris JB, Waterston R, Brooke M, Specht L, Kupsky W, Chamberlain J, Caskey T, Shapiro F, Kunkel LM. Characterization of dystrophin in muscle-biopsy specimens get lasix online from patients with Duchenne’s or Becker’s muscular dystrophy. N Engl J Med 1988;318:1363–1368.11Porcher R, Desguerre I, Amthor H, Chabrol B, Audic F, Rivier F, Isapof A, Tiffreau V, Campana-Salort E, Leturcq F, Tuffery-Giraud S, Ben Yaou R, Annane D, Amédro P, Barnerias C, Bécane HM, Béhin A, Bonnet D, Bassez G, Cossée M, de La Villéon G, Delcourte C, Fayssoil A, Fontaine B, Godart F, Guillaumont S, Jaillette E, Laforêt P, Leonard-Louis S, Lofaso F, Mayer M, Morales RJ, Meune C, Orlikowski D, Ovaert C, Prigent H, Saadi M, Sochala M, Tard C, Vaksmann G, Walther-Louvier U, Eymard B, Stojkovic T, Ravaud P, Duboc D, Wahbi K. Association between prophylactic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and overall get lasix online survival in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Analysis of registry data.

Eur Heart J 2021;42:1976–1984.12Owens AT, Jessup M get lasix online. Cardioprotection in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Eur Heart get lasix online J 2021;42:1985–1987.13Semsarian C, Ho CY. Screening children at risk for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Balancing benefits and harms get lasix online.

Eur Heart J 2019;40:3682–3684.14Lafreniere-Roula M, Bolkier Y, Zahavich L, Mathew J, George K, Wilson J, Stephenson EA, Benson LN, Manlhiot C, Mital S. Family screening for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Is it time to change get lasix online practice guidelines?. Eur Heart J 2019;40:3672–3681.15Marston NA, Han L, Olivotto I, Day SM, Ashley EA, Michels M, Pereira AC, Ingles J, Semsarian C, Jacoby D, Colan SD, Rossano JW, Wittekind SG, Ware JS, Saberi S, Helms AS, Ho CY. Clinical characteristics and outcomes in get lasix online childhood-onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Eur Heart J 2021;42:1988–1996.16Kaski JP. Childhood-onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy get lasix online research coming of age. Eur Heart J 2021;42:1997–1999.17Elliott P, Andersson B, Arbustini E, Bilinska Z, Cecchi F, Charron P, Dubourg O, Kühl U, Maisch B, McKenna WJ, Monserrat L, Pankuweit S, Rapezzi C, Seferovic P, Tavazzi L, Keren A. Classification of the cardiomyopathies get lasix online. A position statement from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases.

Eur Heart J 2008;29:270–276.18Crea F get lasix online. Machine learning-guided phenotyping of dilated cardiomyopathy and treatment of heart failure by antisense oligonucleotides. The future has begun. Eur Heart J 2021;42:139–142.19Garnier S, Harakalova M, Weiss S, Mokry M, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Hengstenberg C, Cappola TP, Isnard R, Arbustini E, Cook SA, van Setten J, Calis JJA, Hakonarson H, Morley MP, Stark K, Prasad SK, Li J, O’Regan DP, Grasso M, Müller-Nurasyid M, Meitinger T, Empana JP, Strauch K, Waldenberger M, Marguiles KB, Seidman CE, Kararigas G, Meder B, Haas J, Boutouyrie P, Lacolley P, Jouven X, Erdmann J, Blankenberg S, Wichter T, Ruppert V, Tavazzi L, Dubourg O, Roizes G, Dorent R, de Groote P, Fauchier L, Trochu JN, Aupetit JF, get lasix online Bilinska ZT, Germain M, Völker U, Hemerich D, Raji I, Bacq-Daian D, Proust C, Remior P, Gomez-Bueno M, Lehnert K, Maas R, Olaso R, Saripella GV, Felix SB, McGinn S, Duboscq-Bidot L, van Mil A, Besse C, Fontaine V, Blanché H, Ader F, Keating B, Curjol A, Boland A, Komajda M, Cambien F, Deleuze JF, Dörr M, Asselbergs FW, Villard E, Trégouët DA, Charron P. Genome-wide association analysis in dilated cardiomyopathy reveals two new players in systolic heart failure on chromosomes 3p25.1 and 22q11.23.

Eur Heart J 2021;42:2000–2011.20Fullenkamp DE, Puckelwartz MJ, get lasix online McNally EM. Genome-wide association for heart failure. From discovery to clinical use get lasix online. Eur Heart J 2021;42:2012–2014.21Bhatt AS, Vardeny O, Udell JA, Joseph J, Kim K, Solomon SD. Influenza vaccination get lasix online.

A ‘shot’ at INVESTing in cardiovascular health. Eur Heart J 2021;42:2015–2018.22Verdecchia P, get lasix online Angeli F, Cavallini C. Management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation and coexistent atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2021;42:2019.23Collet JP, Thiele H, Barbato E, Barthélémy O, Bauersachs J, Bhatt DL, Dendale P, Dorobantu M, Edvardsen T, Folliguet T, Gale CP, Gilard M, Jobs A, Jüni P, Lambrinou E, Lewis BS, Mehilli J, Meliga E, Merkely B, Mueller C, Roffi M, Rutten FH, Sibbing D, Siontis GCM. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of get lasix online acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation.

Eur Heart J 2021;42:1289–1367.24Collet JP, Thiele H. Management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation and coexistent atrial fibrillation – Dual versus triple get lasix online antithrombotic therapy. Eur Heart J 2021;42:2020–2021. Published on get lasix online behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved.

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